Drunk as drunk Essay

Drunk as drunk This poem is about the lustful relationship between two people. The pair lay in the flowers under the night sky and kiss each other til’ what seems like months later. I think the couple depicted are in the early stages of their relationship. They spend all day with their bodies pressed against one another and kiss in the flowers. They are so consumed in each other that they neglect sleep, food, and water. I think it’s all a bit exaggerated but it is definitely depicting a young, passionate love. Neruda uses many similes in this poem for the effect of creating a pair of lust filled lovers. He likens them to â€Å"fish under a net of our kisses. † The two spend all of their time together, and can’t think of anything other than that. He also uses imagery, saying miour wet body wedged between my wet body and the strake of our boat that is made of flowers. † He uses imagery to depict two lovers lying on the grass, and pressed against each others’ bodies. He makes it seem like the lust (and love) between these people is wedged together, i. . inseparable. The tone of the poem is very loving and romantic. The narrator is one of the lovers, which makes you see their connection better. The use of similes, metaphors and tone in this poem show the strength of Neruda’s writing. He makes you â€Å"drunk as drunk on turpentine† from his writing. Girl. Themes The Danger of Female Sexuality Even though the daughter doesn’t seem to have yet reac hed adolescence, the mother worries that her current behavior, if continued, will lead to a life of promiscuity. The mother believes that a woman’s reputation or respectability determines the quality of her life in the community. Sexuality, therefore, must be carefully guarded and even concealed to maintain a respectable front. Consequently, the mother links many angential objects and tasks to the taboo topic of sexuality, such as squeezing bread before buying it, and much of her advice centers on how to uphold respectability. She scolds her daughter for the way she walks, the way she plays marbles, and how she relates to other people. The mother’s constant emphasis on this theme shows how much she wants her daughter to realize that she is â€Å"not a boy’ and that she needs to act in a way that will win her respect from the community. The Transformative Power of Domesticity The mother believes that domestic knowledge will not only save her daughter from a ife of promiscuity and ruin but will also empower her as the head of her household and a productive member of the community. She basically believes that there are only two types of women: the respectable kind and the â€Å"sluts. Undoubtedly for many Antiguan women, domestic knowledge leads to productivity, which in turn wins respect from family and society. Household work therefore brings power and even prestige to women in addition to keeping them busy and away from temptation. Readers recognize the reverence the mother has for the power of domesticity because of the numerous specific instructions she gives her daughter, such as how to ook pumpk in fritters, sweep, grow okra, buy bread, and wash clothes. For her, domesticity brings respectability; sewing up a dress hem thus becomes more than an community. Motifs The mother repeatedly emphasizes food throughout her lecture to reinforce her belief that happiness comes from domesticity. The acts†and art†of making pumpkin fritters, tea, bread pudding, doukona, and pepper pot thus take on greater meaning as elements that link women to their families, their households, and the greater community. In many ways, food will also be the mother’s greatest legacy as he passes old family recipes and culinary traditions down to her daughter and future generations of women. Interestingly, foods such as doukonaand pepper pot also act as anchors that squarely place the story in Antigua and the Caribbean. Mentioning these specific regional foods allows Kincaid to recreate a world that’s vivid and different from our own without ruining the storys structure with unnecessary descriptions. Cloth Cloth and its relationship to appearances and proper housekeeping reappear throughout the story to highlight the importance of respectability. The mother knows hat a person’s clothing reveals much about character and personality and that shabbiness implies laziness and poverty. Washing, sewing, and ironing allow women not only to project their status but also their productivity and self-worth. Neatness in appearance also corresponds to the community’s perception of a woman’s sexual respectability and morality. Organized, productive, well-groomed women appear competent and in control and consequently have much less chance of falling under suspicion of having had illicit relationships with men. The mother therefore stresses the importance of dress and appearance to save the daughter from a life of isrespect. Symbols Benna Antiguan folksongs, or benna, symbolize sexuality, a subject the mother fears her daughter already knows too much about. Historically, native Antiguans sangbenna to secretly spread scandalous rumors and gossip under the uncomprehending British people’s noses. Singing benna in Sunday school, therefore, represents not only disobedience but also sinful, forbidden knowledge that can’t be discussed openly in public, let alone in church. Even though the daughter may not consciously equate benna with sexuality as her mother does, her protestations nevertheless uggest she knows full well benna’s seductive power, mystique, and forbidden qualities.

Vietnam War vs Iraq War

With a husband in the Army and currently on his third deployment to Iraq, I am often asked how I think this war is different from past wars. In order to answer this question properly, I found that I needed to do a little bit of research and acquaint myself with some war history. As I learned about previous wars that Americans have been involved in, I learned that only two wars have had a great deal of controversy.The Vietnam War and the Iraq War, while almost identical are vastly different in their own right. In this paper, I will discuss the similarities and differences between two of our most recent wars. Even though there is a twenty eight year difference, there are many similarities between the wars in Vietnam and Iraq. Both Vietnam and Iraq are called wars, even though neither had a formal declaration of war. The â€Å"actions† claimed legitimacy per a Congressional vote authorizing the Presidents to send troops.The Vietnam War was packaged as a crucial front in the Cold War; and Iraq was packaged as a crucial front in the War on Terrorism. Vietnam is seen as Texan President Lyndon Johnson’s war, although he saw it as carrying out military commitments made by his predecessors Eisenhower and Kennedy. Iraq is seen as Texan President George W. Bush’s war, although he saw himself fulfilling the stated goal (Iraq Regime Change) of his predecessors George H. W. Bush and Clinton. The excuse for major combat operations in Vietnam was a perceived attack on the Gulf of Tonkin.The excuse for major combat operations in Iraq was a perceived attack on the Persian Gulf. Elected on a promise to end the war in Vietnam, Nixon expanded it into Laos and Cambodia. During the midterm election, Bush learned that the voters wanted to end the War in Iraq, but instead, he sent more troops. President Johnson left Vietnam unresolved for his successor, Nixon, who had no connection to his administration; President Bush left Iraq unresolved for his successor, Obama, who also had no connection to his administration.The escalation into Vietnam and the invasion of Iraq are often seen as consequences because of events that happened in America less than two years earlier; the assassination of JFK and the September 11 attacks. Prior to the Vietnam War, the United States had military advisors in South Vietnam for about twelve years. After the Gulf War, the United States had combat troops in Iraq for about twelve years and kept them close by in Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. Both Vietnam and Iraq involved the United States accusing a powerful neighbor, Russia, China, and Iran, of aiding its enemies.Vietnam and Iraq were largely supported by the public until the Tet Offensive and Abu Gharib put gruesome images of hard-won victories on American’s televisions. Soldiers of both Vietnam and Iraq found themselves being criticized for what had been happening, although they were just following orders given to them by the higher-ups. Opponents of both Vietnam and Iraq found themselves being branded as traitors for simply exercising their right to free speech.With all the similarities of Vietnam and Iraq, there are vast amounts of differences too. When the villain in Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh, was captured at Saigon, his name was put on the city and it became Ho Chi Minh City in 1975. When Saddam Hussein, the villain in Iraq, was captured, he was executed after having his name removed from just about everything in Baghdad, the capital of Iraq. The United States got into Vietnam to keep the south from falling to communist dictators, though in the process they cancelled or rigged democratic elections.The United States went into Iraq with the intentions to stop terrorism, but in the process provided fodder for new terrorist groups. The loss of Vietnam was supposed to cause a â€Å"domino effect† of nations falling to Communism. The victory in Iraq was supposed to cause something of a reverse domino effect of other Islamic states yearning for democracy. The Vietnam War ended with the unification of a country formerly divided, while the end of the Iraq War brought with it the partitioning of a country formerly unified.American involvement in Vietnam began after the French stopped fighting; while American involvement in Iraq began after the French refused to fight. When the generals told President Johnson that they needed more troops to win in Vietnam, he refused to provide them and moved to end the war. When the generals told President Bush that they needed more troops to win in Iraq, he refused to provide them and moved to start the war. Vietnam’s fighting force was four times the size of Iraq’s.Vietnam had a draft that was eventually abolished, while Iraq had an all-volunteer military that eventually led to talk of reinstating the draft. The War in Vietnam was a long fight to expel an invading army. The War in Iraq was a short fight by an invading army to expel Saddam, followed by a long fight to expel local militias. If a soldier joined the National Guard in the Vietnam era, they would have avoided getting shipped out, but if a soldier joined the National Guard during the Iraq era, they probably would not have avoided being shipped out.Some people say that America gets involved in wars just for the revenue created, while other people say that without unification of the world, there will never be true peace. As a military wife in a time of war, I find myself often torn between my feelings. There is no doubt that given the choice, I would choose to have my husband home and safe, however, without being needed by the Army, my husband probably would not have a job or be able to support our family. As I did research for this paper, I found myself very grateful that I was not a wife during the War in Vietnam.With the lack of communication, ammunition and support from other countries during the Vietnam War, I would most likely be a widow. Being a military wife during the Iraq War is not easy, but there have not been near as many casualties and while my husband still is not entirely safe, I am able to communicate with him almost every day and have no doubt that he is provided with everything that he needs. There are a great number of similarities between the Vietnam War and the Iraq War, but there are also a great number of differences.

Analysis of T. S. Eliots East Coker

Oriental Cork of T. S. Eliot is analyzing early poetry such as The Waste Land and Alfred Prufrock's Love Song. A person is a weak soul, is tempted to be tempted, full of desire, there is no hope of redemption. When Elliott converts to Catholicism, the views of these people have not changed. Elliot still maintains the suffering of human despair, but it compensates for this belief that man has some hope through the work of Christ. January 4: T. 1948, S. Eliot died of lung emphysema in London at the age of 77, was buried in the cemetary of the village of St. Michael's Church of East Coker, his ancestors were immigrants to the American village. At the memorial monument of the Westminster Abbey there was a weak and sick Ezra Pound in Italy. Summer: Durrells and children live in a villa on Paleocastrizza on Corfu Island Her husband and children are also Mary Mollo Hadkinson. LD met Ghislaine de Boysson at a nearby hotel at Catha Aldington. Two women spent a while with Crowder, but they did not sleep or drink LD. LD visited Athens to see Austin Harrison, a friend of an architect from Cyprus. Joan and Peter Bird will visit Corfu. LD collaborates with Ernle Bradford in the Cn-TV documentary Search Ulysses Elliot imagined the old age of the poem Part 2 Oriental Cork. This is a rural time, a cycle of planting and harvesting seasons. As the East Coke countryside is also within his Eliot 's own past as his ancestral place, it also represents a historical era. In the third section of this section, he describes how the Old Country Festival looks like Elliott will leave the United States. However, when I saw that his fathers were left behind, I felt he was cheated. He wanted to teach him how their legacy grew gracefully, but when he was looking forward to getting older, he saw death - he himself and others Death of things. Therefore, he tried to reach an agreement in the dark. He knows that the words can not contain death. He advised him so that he was patient and, desiring to work hard, not to work hard. Most importantly, he noticed that he had to put himself under the care of the wounded surgeons of Christ's statue. Analysis of T. S. Eliots East Coker Oriental Cork of T. S. Eliot is analyzing early poetry such as The Waste Land and Alfred Prufrock's Love Song. A person is a weak soul, is tempted to be tempted, full of desire, there is no hope of redemption. When Elliott converts to Catholicism, the views of these people have not changed. Elliot still maintains the suffering of human despair, but it compensates for this belief that man has some hope through the work of Christ. January 4: T. 1948, S. Eliot died of lung emphysema in London at the age of 77, was buried in the cemetary of the village of St. Michael's Church of East Coker, his ancestors were immigrants to the American village. At the memorial monument of the Westminster Abbey there was a weak and sick Ezra Pound in Italy. Summer: Durrells and children live in a villa on Paleocastrizza on Corfu Island Her husband and children are also Mary Mollo Hadkinson. LD met Ghislaine de Boysson at a nearby hotel at Catha Aldington. Two women spent a while with Crowder, but they did not sleep or drink LD. LD visited Athens to see Austin Harrison, a friend of an architect from Cyprus. Joan and Peter Bird will visit Corfu. LD collaborates with Ernle Bradford in the Cn-TV documentary Search Ulysses Elliot imagined the old age of the poem Part 2 Oriental Cork. This is a rural time, a cycle of planting and harvesting seasons. As the East Coke countryside is also within his Eliot 's own past as his ancestral place, it also represents a historical era. In the third section of this section, he describes how the Old Country Festival looks like Elliott will leave the United States. However, when I saw that his fathers were left behind, I felt he was cheated. He wanted to teach him how their legacy grew gracefully, but when he was looking forward to getting older, he saw death - he himself and others Death of things. Therefore, he tried to reach an agreement in the dark. He knows that the words can not contain death. He advised him so that he was patient and, desiring to work hard, not to work hard. Most importantly, he noticed that he had to put himself under the care of the wounded surgeons of Christ's statue.

Islam in the modern world Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Islam in the modern world - Essay Example After the death of Prophet Muhammad his four companions which are Abu Bakr, Umar ibn Al-Khattab, Ali ibn abi Talib and Uthman ibn Ghani were appointed as the Caliph to run the state (Najeebabadi 2001). The first Caliph was Abu Bakr. During his reign many battles were fought against the non-Islamic states. These battles were fought in western and eastern Iraq, Syria and some other regions. The second caliph was Umar ibn Al-Khattab. Umar ibn Al-Khattab fought many battles for the expansion and defense of Islam. The third Caliph of the Islamic history was Uthman ibn Ghani. Ali ibn Abi Talib was the forth caliph of Islam (Najeebabadi 2001). Islam is not only a religion but it also teaches us how to lead our lives in peace and harmony. Prayers in Islam are very important. The main and the most important following of the Prophet’s sunna is prayers and the ways to pray. Prophet’s sunna are those deeds which were done by the Prophet Muhammad. During the life of Prophet Muhammad , he emphasized on giving Zakat, which is giving charity to the needy and poor from one’s surplus wealth. Fasting in the month of Ramadan is also an obligatory practice in Islam. Pilgrimage is practiced as Prophet’s sunna, which is only obligatory on those who have financial resources to perform it. (Nigosian 2004) In the opinion of many Muslim scholars, Islam is a religion that is amended by the every Prophet from Adam to Prophet Muhammad and it is completed with the completion of Holy Qur’an or Koran. Holy Qur’an is a divine book (like Bible and Torah) that was revealed upon Prophet Muhammad (Najeebabadi 2001). The key belief that a Muslim must have is to believe that God (Allah in Arabic) is one and Muhammad is His Prophet. A Muslim must have faith in all the Messengers of God and in all Holy Books. He must have belief that Angles exist and they do as they are ordered by Almighty God. A Muslim must know that he will be asked about his every bad deed at the Day of Judgment and God (Allah) will punish him for his wrongs and reward him for the good deeds. Qur’an is a divine book and covers almost all aspects of life. It also guides us to give charity (Zakat) but it does not tell us the rate of Zakat on our assists. In order to clarify the matter Prophet Muhammad told us that the rate should be 2.5% or 5%. (Nigosian 2004) In first century of Islam, the key beliefs and practices are almost same as directed by Prophet Muhammad. Some scholars believe that religion and politics have no similarity. The difference between the two is vast. The politics in Islam changed the way, people think about Islam. After the first four Caliphs, the system of Caliphate was not remained the same as it was before (Nigosian 2004). During the first century of Islam, it has no sectarian system and the religion is in the principles of Prophet’s Sunna but some Muslims believed that instead of Caliph Abu Bakr, it would be more appropriate that Ali ibn abi Talib would be the first Caliph (Najeebabadi 2001). They argued that Ali ibn abi Talib was Prophet Mohammad’s cousin, so he would be the most appropriate choice. But Ali ibn abi Talib discouraged those people, who were making these discussions. Ali ibn abi Talib had two sons Hasan ibn Ali ibn abi Talib and Husayn ibn Ali ibn abi

Compare and Contrast the Western and Middle Eastern Culture Essay

Compare and Contrast the Western and Middle Eastern Culture - Essay Example Eating with fork and knife is culture in the west but eating with hand is culture in the Arab world. Cultural differences can be found in all aspects when we compare the east and the west. Even when we commence a business activity in a foreign land we need to give importance to the culture followed so that the company is accepted globally. Situated between Africa, Asia and Europe, the Middle East has been the dream destination for travelers, empire builders and traders. The population includes Kurds, Iranians, Arabs, Jews, Turks, Armenians, and Nubians. The diversified population gives rise to the cultural richness in Middle East. Completely in contrast to the eastern culture, the western culture evolved in ancient Greece, slowly spreading over the European countries. The two traditions which contributed to this culture is the inheritance of the classical culture and Christianity. Today this culture has moved out of European countries and gradually spread across the entire globe. This culture mainly dominates in the central European nations and western countries like the US and Canada. We can also see the increasing influence of this culture in Asian nations like India, China, Thailand and Singapore with the liberalization of the economy. The people of the eastern world give great importanc... The people of the Arab world follow Islam. The Koran is the holy book which is considered as a spiritual guide, a system of law, code of ethics and a way of life. All Muslim members are expected to read the holy book everyday. The teachings of the Koran forms the foundation for Islamic culture and tradition. The teachings of Prophet Muhammad are considered paramount in the Koran. Friday is considered as the holy day and no business activity takes place on this day. Facing east (direction of Mecca), kneeling, forehead and palms touching the floor, Muslims pray five times a day and Friday noon prayer is led by a spiritual leader. All the male members of a Muslim family go to mosque compulsorily and the female members pray at home. All Muslims are expected to make a pilgrimage or Hajj to Mecca once in their lifetime. The month of Ramzan is considered as the holy month for rejuvenating oneself by abstaining from food, drinks and personal pleasures in the daylight. (Religion in the cultur es of Middle East. 2006). However, the Christian religion dominates the western culture. The Bible is considered as the force which has created religious identity to the western culture. The religion encourages freedom of expression and speech to both genders equally. Christmas, Easter and Thanksgiving are the important celebrations of this culture. Sunday is considered as the holy day and no business activities takes place on this day. The Vatican City is the place of pilgrimage for this religion, and decisions taken by Pope play an important role, in the progress of the world economy, as the Christian population remains the largest in the world. Family and

Hong Kong Architecture Style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Hong Kong Architecture Style - Essay Example Having been born in Hong Kong (HK) and raised there for more than seventeen years, I grew up taking many of the features of my home city for granted. It wasn’t until I opted to study in the United Kingdom that I began to realize the many opportunities I lost. With many years of chances to visit some of the more historical sites and cultural wonders, I did not see any of them. I have surprisingly little awareness to its quality or style of architecture. To me, Hong Kong was just another busy city with the typical rectangular tower blocks and high-rise complexes everywhere. Construction was fast and demolition quick. The only real notice I took of these events was to absently note when a new building brought in a store I wanted or offered some other opportunity directly to my benefit or discomfort or when an older building went down that had been an empty eyesore for any length of time. This pattern I was living in can be characterized as living there only and that is all. Although I lived there, my life could have been characterized as merely existing since I did not notice any of the important things around me that made my living space unique. This theory applies to many who live there. In fact, it applies widely to people living in many places throughout the globe as it is human nature for people to take familiar things for granted. The world moves so fast, events happen so quickly in every sphere of life that success is impossible without keeping in close touch with the latest development. Studying architecture has certainly broadened my vision and changed my perspective regarding these things. My studies opened my eyes, teaching me how to observe and read buildings and the cities in which they stand in totally different ways. Having visited many other countries’ greatest architectural constructions representing many different eras and styles, I began to think about the architecture

Assisting Palestine Refugees Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Assisting Palestine Refugees - Essay Example Thus the Palestinian refugees were scattered through the different locations where their presence is still seen today. In June 2002, US President George W. Bush formally committed US support to the creation of an independent Palestinian state that would be established on the West Bank and Gaza Strip. This was further bolstered by the pronouncement by Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon, in the 2004 Likud convention, that â€Å"If a new Palestinian Authority is established, free of terror, if the incitement stops, the Israeli government led by the Likud will be prepared to carry out its part to make possible the establishment of an independent Palestinian state† 2 In January 2009, Israel ended a three-week military operation in the Gaza Strip that killed 1,200 Gaza residents and 5,000 wounded. During the military assault, civilian housing, public infrastructure, and most importantly medical facilities suffered serious damage, with thousands left homeless. A subsequent UN fact-finding mission recommended that international legal action be taken against Israel and Hamas for alleged war crimes and what may be crimes against humanity; however, as of the end of 2009, the UN Security Council has not yet acted on the recommendation.3 Meanwhile, Israeli pursued a policy of restricting movement of people and goods through the borders of the Gaza Strip, which has stifled economic activity and impeded territorial reconstruction. Restrictions were slightly relaxed in the West Bank; however, economic progress, settlement building, and reconstruction were all the same impeded, while incidences of settler violence against Palestinians still broke out. 4 It is against this backdrop that the case of Palestinian refugees is to be analyzed. The refugee situation shall be described by assessing the rights and obligations of the host state vis-à  -vis the refugee, the capability and nature of short-term and long-term responses, the role of international civic organizations in refugee response, and the prospects for successful repatriation and reconstruction.

You may choose any comparison-contrast approach related to person, Assignment

You may choose any comparison-contrast approach related to person, place or things - Assignment Example It is apparent that both leaders advocated for non-violent ways of settling their grievances. For instance, Mandela borrowed ideologies and principles from Gandhi who had insisted on negotiation with the black Africans and Indian administrators. Similarly, Mandela and Gandhi were revolutionists who fought for the rights of other citizens (Dalton, 2012). This implies that the two leaders mobilized people to help them fight for changes by pushing the administrators to transform their ruling strategies. It is also evident that Mandela was similar to Gandhi in that they were against social segregation and discrimination across South Africa (Limb, 2008). For instance, as a lawyer in South Africa, Gandhi did not like the way the Indians faced mistreatments from other ethnic groups. Mandela also led the anti-apartheid movement that separated the blacks against the Europeans in the country. This indicates that they had similar approaches of influencing equality and appreciation of separate r aces within the country. However, some differences were also evident between the two prominent leaders. For instance, while Mandela fought for the interests of his people, he emerged as a political leader. He also formed a political party that acquired independence for the black liberators. In contrast, Gandhi later became a religious nationalist in his native country India (Dalton, 2012). Another difference is that Gandhi never had political ambitions and only fought for the liberation of people against the British (Dalton, 2012). Mandela had political ambitions that enabled him to contest in a democratic election where he emerged the victor. It is also different that Gandhi was instrumental in both his country and in South Africa where he led the campaigners for change (Limb, 2008). Contrastingly, Mandela only participated in his home country where he was

Insurance Is Not Always Beneficial to Emplyees Essay

Insurance Is Not Always Beneficial to Emplyees - Essay Example In the United States, for example, many employees get Insurance policy through their employers where the employers help pay the Insurance policy. When the employer insures one, it is usually through a managed care plan that are health insurance plans that provide health care facilities to members at reduced costs by laying down contracts with medical facilities and health care providers. Employer based Insurance is often much cheaper as compared to buying individual Insurance, hence many people rather have their insurance bill cut from their salaries. The United States unlike other industrialized countries has a different case in that it does not have a national Insurance System. It is important to be insured because one cannot always tell when they are going to need the medical attention. There are vast advantages of getting employee-based health insurance. In the essay, I will look at health insurance in group verses individualized context, explore the advantages of employer based health insurance plan and discuss that insurance is not always beneficial. Group verses Individualized Insurance Employment based Insurance is an example of group based Insurance. ... e of group insurance policy is that it is much easier to obtain in that there are little procedures to be followed, which would in turn delay or even terminate the whole application process like inquiring about the health history of individual members. Group insurance policy is definitely the cheapest form of insurance available. However, as compared to group insurance, there are numerous advantages of individualized insurance plans. Firstly, one is able to customize the provisions they may want included or neglected in their package. They may also choose to regulate on the deductible amount of payment that the insurance company does. It also enables individual to choose the doctor that would be conducting their services. Here the price range may be elevated as compared to group insurers, but the services are better. It may also be exceptionally costly particularly when one runs a high risk being ill or has high health risk qualities. Advantages of Employment Based Health Insurance P lans A health plan would gain more if groups of individuals with low health risks were enrolled in it as compared to unhealthy list of individuals. In the United States where the employee health insurance benefit scheme is purely voluntary, there is a great chance that a group of highly unhealthy individuals are registered in the plan. Insurers would often prefer to enroll a group of individual as compared to the specific individual. Employment based insurance groups are one of the individual groups that are always considered to be formed for the sole purpose to offer their employees health insurance. It does not discriminate and whether the individual in the group posses a high health risk than the other, they will automatically qualify for the system. Not only are employers capable of

Affects of Combat Veterans after War Research Paper

Affects of Combat Veterans after War - Research Paper Example Their American comfort of feeling safe and sheltered from the reality of what the world and war is something that can’t be explained unless you have seen your rack mate die or kids killed over family members not doing what there told. The kind of stress and hostile environment he encounters in wars leave deep psychological impacts. They get exposed to the worst that human nature harbors. When they return home, they are not the same people. The society needs to dig deeper to understand the emotional problems of the war veterans because these problems drive them to seek drugs or make them suicidal.   War vets have a hard time fitting in their past personality. They cannot function the way they used to even though they want to return to their normal life and be done with the war. They suffer from post-traumatic stress disorders PTSDs. PTSD is the most common phenomena found in the soldiers returning from wars (Gulgowski 30). The Centre for Policy Research in New York discovered that over a third of the men who participated in heavy combat in the Vietnam War showed signs of acute post-traumatic stress (Gulgowski 30). In the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, about 1 in 10 soldiers returning from duty showed drug or alcohol abuse problems (â€Å"PTSD†). It is observed that war veterans try to ‘avoid’ the PTSD symptoms through drugs and alcohol, to sleep better (â€Å"PTSD†). It is a very common phenomenon that war veterans develop mental disorders like post-traumatic stress, which gets deeply rooted in their psyche. Getting rid of the symptoms is extremely ha rd and sometimes impossible. Governments in every country pay considerable sums of money to institutions to look after war veterans. They want to make them feel that they are an essential part of the society even after fighting bloody wars. The damage done to their psyche is horrible and sometimes it is deeply inflicting that it becomes impossible to grow out of it. The tragedy is

Kant on Time as A Priori Essay Example for Free

Kant on Time as A Priori Essay Immanuel Kant presented a series of arguments regarding the nature of time. He sought to prove that time is innate in the sensibility of all human beings and that it is independent of the material world and argued that time belongs to experience as an a priori form of intuition (Kant, 74). In his Critique of Pure Reason, he claimed that time is a priori instead of being a permeating feature of mind-independent reality. He also argued that the nature of time as an element of the universe is sensible instead of conceptual which the mind   compels upon experience (75). He arrived at the conclusion that time could not independently exist or be associated to other objects as a verifiable entity. He claimed time to be the form of inner sense and maintained that time is â€Å"It is the immediate condition of inner appearances (of our souls), and thereby the mediate condition of outer appearances.†Ã‚   (77).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first of Kants arguments regarding time as an a priori form of sensibility states that it is a necessity for our understanding of   simultaneity and succession to be preconceived since they are generated in our minds prior to our experience of simultaneous but successive moments in time (75). Kant claims: â€Å"Time is not an empirical concept that has been derived from any experience. For neither coexistence nor succession would ever come within our perception,   if the representation of time were not presupposed as underlying them a priori. Only on the presupposition of time can we represent to ourselves a number of things as existing at one and the same time (simultaneously) or at different times (successively).†Ã‚   (74) By stating that â€Å"Only under its presuppositions can one represent that several things exist at one and the same time   or in different times,† (74) Kant, in essence, is implying that concepts can not made on the basis of perception unless we have a preconceived notion of such concept. For example, our notion of a â€Å"dog† could not be a concept which is based on our experience since our mind would not be able to perceive it we did not have an idea of a â€Å"dog† which was based on a preconceived notion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   However, even with Gardners explanation, Kants argument is still unpersuasive. It fails to offer us sufficient reasons to agree that a preconceived notion of time is a necessary prerequisite of the perception of time. This argument is not compelling enough to weaken how time is viewed in the common sense because it begs a faulty conclusion that if this was so, our notion of color should also be a priori. Consequently, with this argument, the logical assumption about time would be that â€Å"because the notion of time is conjured simultaneously with representing the world of material objects, it cannot be based on perception of material objects. The basic view of the nature of time actually remains definite as the properties of time, which exists in and all the objects of the universe, are perceived through our experiences.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kants second argument tries to prove that time is an a priori form of intuition by arguing that it is possible to consider time without any appearances of any material object but it is not possible to consider any material object without the appearance of time. Kant argues: â€Å"Time is a necessary representation that underlies all intuitions. We cannot, in respect of appearances in general,remove time itself, though we can quite well think time as void of appearances. Time is, therefore, given a priori. In it alone is actuality of appearances possible at all. Appearances may, one and all, vanish; but time (as the universal condition of their possibility) cannot itself be removed..† (74-75) However, if we take this argument into consideration, it would then be logically imperative to conclude that space embodies the of outer sense or time embodies the inner appearance however this conclusion, albeit sound based on the provisions of the Kants argument, actually contradicts the text itself .   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   All in all, Kants arguments fail to mitigate the strong points of the common sense view of time which is, that time is a pervasive feature of the world. His arguments do not offer conclusive ideas. Although he tries to provide empirical evidences to his arguments by referencing his claims with the realities of experience, his arguments imply assumptions that when interpreted do not necessarily hold true. His theory requires a vital premise, that our notions of time and space are a priori, and it requires it to be granted in the onset however he offers no compelling argument. This vital premise caused the undoing of his entire theory. Works Cited Kant, Immanuel. The Critique of Pure Reason. Trans. Kemp-Smith, Norman. Palgrave Macmillan, 1995.

How Consumer Insight Are Shaping Companies in India Essay Example for Free

How Consumer Insight Are Shaping Companies in India Essay Customer is King is an adage that most companies across the globe have embraced. The need to concentrate on customers and be responsive to their demands has long been acknowledged by organizations. However, with globalisation and technological revolution the dynamics of business, the meaning of customer and market knowledge have all undergone a transformation. Today, the customer is the controlling factor in business and to be market-driven, an organisation has to evolve a culture that constantly listens to the customer, analyses competition and has strategies that meet existing, anticipated and even unanticipated needs of the customer. Going one step further, organizations must focus on customer relationship management which has given way to customer knowledge management. Given the international environment and knowledge economy, market and customer intelligence serves as a core competency and a principal source of competitive advantage. Leading by listening Practically every success story in today’s corporate realm reflects how awareness of customer needs shapes competitive business strategy. Let’s look at some examples. Procter Gamble When PG, the largest consumer goods company in the world, chose to offer its products to the lower income customer in developing countries, it had research teams associating with the poorest of homes for weeks. This gave the company valuable insights, which aided the company in creating a range of products that suited the pockets of this segment, enabling it to gain substantial market share. Amazon.com Amazon.com, the first e-retailer of books in the world, attained competitive advantage by emerging as book lovers’ forum where they could also share knowledge. It maintains customer knowledge through services such as book reviews, access to order histories and product recommendations based on preceding orders. Consequently, Amazon has recorded more than 70% repeat orders from its customers. Mahindra Mahindra Mahindra Mahindra’s SUV, Scorpio, has experienced enormous success in domestic and international markets. The positioning of Scorpio as an economy SUV was centered on the findings of extensive market visits and exploration of customer needs. The customer needs and wants ascertained were transformed into product specifications for Scorpio. Customer groups were consulted at every stage of design and product development. Scorpio was designated as the â€Å"Car of the Year† by ‘BBC on Wheels’ shortly after its launch. Indian Railways The amazing transformation of Indian Railways from what was termed as a white elephant to a profit making entity in less than two years has caught the attention of Indian and foreign academic and corporate establishments. This turnaround was not owing to any high-end technology but to a modest information means — the passenger feedback form. Data attained from these forms was analysed to identify customer expectations from the Railways. This was supported by a study of the best railways worldwide, and benchmarking with other transportations such as roadways and airlines. The outcome was a complete renovation of trains, stations and railway services to render them passenger-friendly. Needless to say, customers welcomed this change. The above examples highlight that it is vital to listen to customers for a success marketer-customer relationship, where the customer is not just a beneficiary, but a partner. Effective listening, together with strategic initiatives, can bring about a happily-ever-after end to this association.

Tata Motors A Business Strategy Report Marketing Essay

Tata Motors A Business Strategy Report Marketing Essay Tata Motors Limited, Indias largest automobile company, is the leader by far in commercial vehicles, and the second largest in the passenger vehicles market with winning products in the compact, mid-size car and utility vehicle segments. The purpose of this report is to study and analyze the internal and external environments of the automobile industry in India. The analysis should enable us to assess the current as well as previous strategies of the company and redesign new strategies for further optimization. Key Findings The research shows that Tata Motors has successfully implemented Low-Cost Strategy by providing unmatched value for its customers money. With 50 years of experience, the company has successfully served varied needs of its customers by providing an extensive range of products. Tata Motors is a pioneer in RD department which allows it to constantly innovate and discover new technologies. Recommendations Considering the emerging economy and changing consumers spending, implementation of Low-Cost Strategy might not benefit in the long run. Consequently, it is recommended that the company should follow differentiation strategy and focus on providing unique goods and services to win over the market from the rivalry players. By bringing revolutionary changes in the market, it would not be unrealistic to think of a future where customers would willingly pay for the added value to the product. Introduction Outline of Business under study Tata Motors, a subsidiary of the Tata group, was formerly known as TELCO (TATA Engineering and Locomotive Company). The group takes its name from the founder Jamsedji Tata and has its headquarters at the Bombay House in Mumbai, India. Established in 1945, Tata Motors has more than 4 million vehicles driving on the Indian roads. It was the first Indian company from the engineering sector to be listed in the New York Stock Exchange. It made its place amongst the worlds top three passenger vehicle makers and is currently the leader in commercial vehicle. It also stands as the fourth largest truck and second largest bus manufacturer. The company employs 23,000 workers, who are directed by the vision to become the best in its operations and product while staying intact with the business ethics and value system. The multinational often hits the headlines because of its takeovers and mergers, especially with the recent acquisition of Jaguar Land Rover (Tata Motors 2011). External Analysis of the Automobile Industry Ever growing Indian population and hence the workforce, has increased the number of independent earners. This favourable trend provides a greater scope for the development of automobile industry in India. During 2008 the industry had a share of up to 3.9% in countrys GDP, which is expected to rise to 10% by 2016 (India Retail Report Q1 2011). Consumer spending on transport is also expected to experience an upward trend and advance by 73.2% in 2007-2015. Also, increased investment by the government for improved road infrastructure has further led to a growth in multi-axle vehicles (Euromonitor International 2008). Reason for studying Tata Motors Tata Motors is lately the most talked about company. Over the years it has emerged as a low cost vehicle manufacturer with prime focus on innovation. In divergence to its strategy, it would be interesting to learn about its new ventures in the luxury market. The study therefore focuses on closely scrutinising and reviewing its current tactics and verifying for any scope for improvement. Strategic Analysis Methods Techniques for Data Collection For the execution of this research, we conducted an in-depth study of the available secondary data. The gathered information was verified with the online company records, reports and official websites. Tata Motors Internal Records and Annual Reports Companies internal records helped us analyzed its current position by revealing its earnings until 2010 and understanding its past strategies and actions. Online Databases Data retrieved from EBSCOhost database, Factiva database and e-books available online at Deakin library and google scholar proved to be extremely beneficial. Online Websites and Other Resources Reliable articles, magazines, statistical trends, government websites and other relevant online sources like financial express, further enlightened our knowledge about the company. Text Book and Lecture Notes The textbook Exploring Corporate Strategy by Gerry Johnson provided us with the framework to go about this project. Study guide and lecture notes were also valuable source for information. Business Strategy Statement Tata Motors aims to emerge as the world-class automobile leader with the remarkable price-performance ratio in combination with hyper-efficient engines to acquire the large market share internationally. Tata Motors mission is to create an organisation that people enjoy working for, doing business with and investing in. It focuses on customer needs to provide them a range of innovative products and maintain long-term relations, by working closely with its workforce and business partners. The companys purpose is to consistently create shareholder value by generating greater returns and to foster long lasting ties with the vendors and channel partners (Global Reporting Initiative 2010). The companys objective is to invest INR28.8billion over the next few years for increasing its production and INR60billion for the expansion of the existing manufacturing plants and in setting up vehicle testing facilities (Automotive Manufacturing Solutions 2010). Tata Motors unmatchable ability to manufacture low cost vehicles provides the company with a greater scope of earning high profit margins and enjoys a greater market share. Economic slowdown has hyped the competition to provide low priced but the best quality vehicles. Understanding rural Indian economy and growing incomes of the farmers, Tata Motors view increased opportunities for its commercial sector (Thakkar 2010). Nevertheless Tata Motors have a range of upcoming Jaguar and Land rover cars for the luxury brand buyers to capture the higher-income/premium customer segment. This could create a greater success for the company in near future. Tata Motors have remarkable advantages of manufacturing in India when compared to other MNC competitors. It benefits from the low labour cost, extensively skilled and interwoven backward and forward linkages, boosting IT engineering, strong auxiliary industry, substantial knowledge of the market, improving infrastructure and increasing domestic demand. Tata Motors aspires to be a world-class maker of quality vehicles by striking balance between the needs of its customers, employee, suppliers, investors and the community as a whole. Analysis of External Environment of the Business Macro Environment analysis Economic Factors: The Indian economy has experienced constant growth due to the increasing per capita income, which grew by 14.2% in 2006-07. The total consumer spending increased by 73.9% during 1995-2007 this is expected to reach 58.2% in 2007-2015 (Euromonitor International 2008). According to the World Factbook (2011), Indias inflation rate rose to 11.7% in 2010 driven by increasing food and fuel prices. Moreover, rising commodity prices and hardening interest rate has posed immense pressure on costs and margins of Indian manufacturers (Mitra Sen 2011). Figure 1: India GDP Source: Index Mundi 2011 Demographic Factors: Indias total population of 1.19 billion constitutes 70% potential buyers, which are below 35 years. It is seen that 130 million people had been added to the working population between 2003 and 2009. This indicates an increase in number of people with lesser dependency. The trend is likely to add value to vehicle demand with a shift toward high end cars (Automotive Mission Plan 2006). Figure 2: Vehicle Sales in India Source: India Retail Report Q2 2011 Political-Legal Factors: Indian government has taken several incentives under the current 11th five year plan (2007-2012) to boost the automobile sector. The Finance bill 2006 has reduced the excise duty on the small cars and duty on raw material which is now 5-7.5% as compared to the previous level of 10%. The Ministry of Finance announced 150% weighted deduction under the income Tax Act for in- house RD expenditure for all sectors (Anand 2009). The government has introduced a National Automotive testing and RD Infrastructure Project (NATRIP) which is based on building world class testing and RD infrastructure for vehicles in the country for automotive safety, emission and performance standards in India. Moreover, the Government has allocated a part of its budget for the improvement of road infrastructure (Planning Commission 2006). Environmental Factors: Increasing consciousness about global warming requires production of fuel efficient vehicles. Moreover, diesel fuelled locomotives pose greater threat to the environment as compared to the CNG vehicle (Centre for Science and Environment 2011). Furthermore, Recent disclosure of Euro V standard by the European commission requires India to revise its emission standards (Automotive Mission Plan 2006). Recently legislated carbon tax on coal producers has provided a source of financing clean energy research and development (Building Green Business 2010). Technological Factors: The automobile industrys spending on RD has increased from US$54.58 million to US$214.26 million in last four years which is 0.8% of the total nations GDP (The Financial Express 2008) (Ramanathan 2011). Furthermore, NATRIP is aiming to integrate the strengths of IT and electronics with the automobile engineering sector (Planning Commission 2006). Impact of Macro Environment on Business: Overall, developing economy with growing working population and consumer spending indicates an increase in the consumer demand, subsequently a growth in the automobile industry. Other prime factors contributing to this trend are improved expenditure on RD, boosting IT and reduced duty on raw materials. However, the escalating fuel and commodity prices and rising interest rates can obstruct industrys progress. Thus PESTEL analysis shows that mainly the economic and demographic factors are likely to be the main drivers for the advancement of automobile industry in future. Industry Analysis Threat of new entrant: Emerging Indian market is attracting automobile companies from all over the world. International car rental firms are posing a greater threat with nearly twelve brands, expected to enter the market (Gupta Shekhar 2010). However, Tata Motors enjoys economies of scale and level of experience, thus challenging for the new entrants. Figure 1: Five force framework Source: Johnson, Whittington Scholes 2011 Bargaining power of buyers: Increasing disposable income and availability of better alternatives have raised the customer expectations and array of choice. This has led to a decline in consumer loyalty towards particular vehicle brand. Indian consumers are now enjoying the greater bargaining power (Gupta Shekhar 2010). Bargaining power of Suppliers: The Indian auto component industry has witnessed a strong growth during 1995-2005, subsequently making automobile one of the fastest growing Industry. Increased availability of supply sources has lowered suppliers bargaining power. This can be seen in Tata Motors extended forward and backward vertical integration of its value chain through acquisition or creation of steel, manufacturing and retail operations (Zahrai 2009). Rivalry between Competitors: Indian automobile industry is highly competitive with three major players, namely Maruti Suzuki, Tata and Hyundai. Tata Motors and Hyundai Motors have nearly equal percentage of market share, although less than Maruti Suzuki. An important factor, which adds fuel to the competition, is that all major vehicle providers are highly competent to pursue opportunities with aggressive strategies. Figure: Market Share of Passenger Vehicle Providers (2010-2011) Source: Adapted from The Economic Times 2011 Threat of Substitutes: Automobile industry in India may fear the rapid development of public transport, most economical and speedy being metros. The analysis infers that four forces are strong enough to make this industry less attractive. However, to survive Tata Motors need to closely monitor the competitor actions and respond quickly to the changes in customer needs and expectations. Strategy Canvas Source: Adapted from Taylor 2011 Critical Success Factors The Critical Success Factors will enable Tata Motors to gain competitive advantage over the competitors to enter the blue ocean. Economies of Scale: Reaping the benefits of economies of scale, Tata Motors has been able to establish itself as a successful low cost provider (Business India Intelligence, 2008). Diversification: Tata Motors product line ranges from worlds cheapest car to expensive models such as Jaguar and Land Rover to trucks passing the million unit output mark reaping the benefits of economies of scale (Maekawa 2008). Innovation: Today the company employs over 2000 engineers and scientists, providing a leading edge in RD. This endowed technological capability has allowed constant innovations, thus serving the unique needs of the customers (IBEF 2010). Analysis of Internal Environment of the Business Companys Capabilities and Strengths Tata Motors have distinctive capability due to its comparative advantage in producing low cost cars, which is out of the reach of competitors. The value chain for Tata Motors starts with the IT teams innovation as a tool for business growth. Primary Activities Inbound logistics such as Tata Power Co., Tata Steel help them gain economics of scale. RD, designing, manufacturing, assembling, Kaizen TPM teams for testing and packaging to improve its operating efficiency. To capture significant market, it provides variety of light and heavy commercial, utility vehicles, and passenger cars. Tata distribution Company limited (TDCL) provides logistics support for distribution. The company optimized its cost on sales and marketing to ensure awareness about their latest launches. Easily reachable service centres, 24 hours IT Service desk and Tata AIG insurance finance facilities provide an ease to the customers (Tata Motors 2011). Support activities Tata constantly strives on innovation by providing its employees with a room for development through vocational and cross-functional training programs. Its HR process has been automated for far reaching profits. Competitive Strength of Business Tata Motors give tough competition to other players in automobile industry with its strong low cost strategies like production of Tata Nano. These schemes provide value for service to customers. SWOT Analysis Strengths Weaknesses Strong domestic player with a turnover of approximately $15,771.6 million in 2009. Extensive range of commercial and passenger vehicles with several variants to suit customer preferences. INR50,154million expenditure on robust research and development (RD) capability with Strong engineering skills in designing. Enjoys Low labour cost by manufacturing in India. Ultra cheap Nano, which was designed to replace the two wheelers with an affordable four-wheeler, was their greatest achievement. Tata Motors had debt of INR435, 815 million at the end March 2009, which unable cash inflow and degrades creditworthiness. General public associate Tata as low price and hence low quality, however this image may not do well in the premium sector. Inferior labour productivity and lean production. . . Opportunities Threats Technical know-how may transfer from Jaguar Land Rover and also the premium brand can benefit from reduced cost. Emerging market of India with increasing income levels. Infrastructure development in India will further increase the vehicle demand. Fuel efficient and eco friendly cars may find its way into the market. The price of raw materials is increasing and the company cannot pass the burden to its non-affluent customers. Rising fuel prices may have an adverse effect. Cost of meeting environmental regulations. Global financial crisis of 2007-08 has lead to financial crunch thereby rising the interest rates. Developing markets has attracted severe competition which could jeopardise Tatas position. Source: Datamonitor 2010 Strategy and Culture Tata Motors have a distinct way of doing business, more profoundly known as, The TATA way. The most deeply engraved value in the company is trust. The companys logo, leadership with trust personifies peoples belief in the brand. Thus the company respects the trust embedded in it by many and strives to honour its commitments. Other five core values that underpin the Tata way of doing business include integrity, responsibility, unity, understanding and excellence (Tata Motors 2011). The corporate governance of the company originates from its rich legacy of ethical, fair and transparent governance practices followed since ages, even before they were made mandatory by fostering highest standards of professionalism, integrity, honesty and ethical conduct (Corporate Sustainability Report 2008). Information and power passes through a vertical hierarchy with CEO being the foremost authority. The vice chairman of Tata Motors, Ravi Kant, attaches greater importance to communication. He strongly believes oral communication helps one understand the behavioural pattern. As a leader, the body language, communication style and the way of treating employees matter the most because the followers observes and take their own cues. Friendly relations with workers allow easy flow of ideas, thereby encouraging greater yield. Further, Code of Corporation Disclosure Practices confirms transparent declaration of its operations (Business Strategy Review 2010). Company successfully integrates advanced international HR management processes by retaining local managers in recent acquisition and transferring few senior managers from India. This makes exchange and adaption to new expertise easier while maintaining the companys core values. Quality has always remained the cornerstone of the Tata way of business; as such a formal system to scale the performance of different companies was introduced. TQMS help companies under the Tata group to conduct and enhance its business endeavours especially in relation to business excellence and ethics. Further, JRD Quality Value Awards named after the late chairman of the group, JRD Tata where incorporated for ensuring and encouraging quality consciousness. The award acknowledges the company within the group that achieves highest level of quality and excels quality management (Tata Motors 2011). Such practices entrench a learning environment that would consequently help achieve leadership in the marketplace by constantly striving to become the best. Strict fellowship of companys culture has allowed it to smoothly adhere to its strategy. Business Strategy Choice Tata Motors has constantly strived to be a low cost leader in the automobile market. Thus by employing Low cost strategy, it has made its presence felt especially in the untapped and developing markets like India. The most evident example is that of the ultra-low cost Nano. However, with increasing interest rates, raw material and fuel prices the company may not be able to sustain this strategy in the long run. Nevertheless, macro environment analysis suggests that economic growth and rising disposable incomes may increase the potential luxury vehicle buyers. Thus, TATAs acquisitions of Jaguar Land Rover seem to be a sound decision. Also, the ever-increasing competition in the industry requires Tata to implement Differentiation strategy. In accordance to this strategy, the company must focus on providing unique goods and services to win over the market from the rivalry players. This would allow the company to enjoy a premium price that the customers would willingly pay for the added value to the product. Implementation of this strategy can be a piece of cake for Tata Motors if it duly considers the following- Strategy execution Indulge in aggressive RD to ensure innovations that can add value to the product at minimum cost. This will include designing sophisticated eye-catching models. Adopt sustainable practices and maintain healthy relations with all the members of the value chain and constantly upgrade their knowledge by encouraging a learning environment. Conduct surveys to keep the company updated with the current demands of the buyers and meet them much before the rivals. Rising awareness about global warming and ever increasing fuel prices will see a growth in the green car sector. Thus adding super efficient engine and eco friendly vehicles to the companys portfolio will win a greater market. Improving the budget Regardless of the growing profits, the company must focus on getting rid of the substantial debts and avoid deals that may degrade their creditworthiness. Focus on improving global sales for speedy recovery of fixed cost. Outsourcing Outsourcing of trivial operations is worth the expenditure as it allows the company to concentrate on vital jobs required to stimulate differentiation. Ensuring Improvement The company must encourage interaction between the supply chain members for constant up gradation of the market demand and quicker delivery, thereby directing efforts towards the improvement of production time cycle. Promoting customization, where buyers can customize their vehicles as per their desire, can be an attraction for experimenters. Capturing greater chunk of market by launching altered models with varied prices for each segment. Conclusion The study shows a brighter future for the automobile industry in India. However, vigorous scope for the development of this market has attracted many players. Availability of numerous alternatives and substitutes has further increased customers expectations. Also, the growing youth market comprises of the experimenters, who desire up gradations and new innovations in their possessions. All these analyses provide Tata Motors to become more sensitive to the needs of the buyers and ensure is execution much before the rivals. The company must constantly explore new markets and ensure new innovations because the risk takers are the profit makers. Over and above the company can segment the market and have something for everyone in order to capture a major proportion of the market. Understanding the immense competition where every automobile company is fighting to become the best, Tata Motors is required to build additional competencies. The brand must stabilise its position as a leader in the commercial vehicle market and set new trends in the passenger. The recommended differentiation strategy will give the company a leading edge through its careful implementation and execution.

Every Woman Is A Novel :a Jest Of God :: essays research papers

Rachel often addresses her thoughts to God. How does she imagine Him (Her or It)? Does Rachel's concept of God change during the course of the Novel? Explain. Rachel Cameron, the heroine of "A Jest of God", is not simply as an individual literary character but as a psychological portrayal of women of Rachel's time and inclination. Even we can easily find someone who has the same problem Rachel has in the friends of us, or maybe in an early morning when we get up; stand at front of the mirror; we will suddenly have a idea, "I am Rachel too." She has a common Cameron heritage. She is a gawky, introverted spinster schoolteacher who has returned home to Manawaka from university in Winnipeg, upon the death of her alcoholic undertaker father Niall Cameron, to care for her hypochondriac mother May. Nevertheless, the family resemblance is obvious: their shared Scots Presbyterian ancestry, which Laurence views as distinctively Canadian, provides an armour of pride that imprisons her within their internal worlds, while providing a defence against the external world. To overcome that barrier between personalities, she must learn to understand and accept their heritage in order to liberate her own identities and free herself for the future. She must also learn to love herself before she can love others. Rachel receive a sentimental education through a brief love affair: as a result of learning to empathize with their lovers, she learn to love herself and the people she lives with. Laurence's emphasis is, as always, on the importance of love in the sense of compassion, as each of her solipsistic protagonists develops from claustrophobia to community. The beginning of "A Jest of God" extends beyond its Canadian perimeters in Rachel's branching imagination, both into the fairytale dream world which gives depth and pathos to the disappointment and despair of her present and out into a wider world in time and space than the grey little town of Manawaka. The first lines of the novel tell us everything basic to Rachel's mind, her temperament, and her situation. The wind blows low, the wind blows high The snow comes falling from the sky, Rachel Cameron says she'll die For the want of the golden city. She is handsome, she is pretty, She is the queen of the golden city. They are not actually chanting my name, of course, I only hear it that way from where I am watching the classroom window, because I remember myself skipping rope to that song when I was about the age of the little girls out there now. Twenty-seven years ago... (p. 1) The reader is engaged in sympathy with Rachel by the sadness of the gap

Description of the at-risk student Essay examples -- essays papers

Description of the at-risk student Across the United States, there are certain factors that predict a student’s likelihood of becoming at-risk for failure. Benard says that, â€Å"Social science research has defined poverty, a social problem, as the factor most likely to put a person at-risk for ... school failure†(1997). Since there were 12.1 million children living in poverty in the United States in 2002, according to the census, the at-risk rates for students is just as high. Poverty is not the only risk factor, however. Children raised by a single parent are twice as likely to drop out as those raised by two parents. Also, black and Hispanic children, children with poorly educated mothers, students with poor health and nutrition, and students in a poorly funded school are more likely to drop out of school (Natriello 2002). Although some of these factors are interrelated, they increase the number of at risk students in the United States. Along with these environmental risk factors for failure a re situational factors. Students who have to change schools frequently have higher failure rates than those who stay in one school (Natriello 2002). Students with a poor academic history and those students with history of poor behavior have lower risk of graduation, along with students who teachers perceive as uninterested and poorly motivated (U.S. Dept. of Ed. 1994). The risk factors for failure in school are all closely related, and all contribute to the 35-40% of students in the United States who are at-risk (Natriello 2002). Students at risk are often difficult for teachers to deal with, so over time educators have developed different strategies for teaching these students. Management of at-risk students in the past ... ...students/atrisk/at400.htm Newspaper Articles (no author) (June 17, 2003). â€Å"Officials to Assist Students at Risk of Failing High School.† The Cambridge Reporter. Retrieved on November 3, 2003 from Lexis-Nexis Database. Schacter, Ronald (2003, October). Growing Minority Leadership.www.techlearning.com. Retrieved October 5, 2003 from Lexis-Nexis. Stuart, Bob (June 7, 2003). â€Å"Virginia Governor Targets Students at Risk for Failing†. The News Virginian. Retrieved on November 3, 2003 from Lexis-Nexis Database. Natriello, Gary (2002). Students at Risk. In D.L. Levinson, P.W. Cookson, Jr., A.R. Sadovnik (Eds.), Education and Sociology: An Encyclopedia. New York: Routledge Falmer National Center for Educational Statistics. Retrieved on November 15, 2003 from nces.ed.gov. U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved on November 15, 2003 from www.census.gov

Biography of Alexander Hamilton Essay -- Hamilton Founding Father Bio

Biography of Alexander Hamilton Summary Alexander Hamilton was most likely born on January 11, 1757, although the exact year of his birth is unknown. Hamilton was born on the Caribbean island of Nevis or St. Kitts to Rachel Fawcett and James Hamilton, but he spent the majority of his youth on the island of St. Croix. His formal education as a child was minimal. When his mother died in 1768, Hamilton took his first job as a clerk in the offices of merchant Nicholas Cruger, keeping Cruger's business records, and coordinating business efforts between the merchant ship captains, government officials, and planters. Cruger and a local Presbyterian minister, Reverend Hugh Knox, recognized Hamilton's genius and persuaded him to leave St. Croix for New York City. Alexander left the island in 1772, never to return again. In New York, Hamilton attended several preparatory academies and schools to prepare himself for college. He interviewed with John Witherspoon of the College of New Jersey, which is now known as Princeton, but eventually enrolled in King's College, which is now known as Columbia. In 1776, Hamilton withdrew from King's College and joined a local New York militia to fight in the American Revolution against the British. During his first year of service, Hamilton served as an artill... ...entirely out of the political world after his resignation, but his involvement in politics after the late 1790s did his cause more harm than good. In the election of 1800, for example, Hamilton inadvertently split the Federalist Party to allow his rival, Thomas Jefferson, to become President of the United States. In 1804, Hamilton wrote a series of essays against another rival, Aaron Burr that was partly responsible for Burr's loss in that year's New York gubernatorial race. Burr blamed Hamilton for his loss and challenged Hamilton to a duel in which he shot Hamilton. Hamilton died the next day on July 11, 1804, at the age of forty-seven.

A person I would like to become

Everybody goes about life being whatever he is or doing whatever he is supposed to be, but in the heart of hearts, everyone has a longing – a longing to be someone else other than being himself. ‘What do you want to be’ is an often-asked question. If I were to be asked whom I want to be, at least for as brief a time as one day, my answer would be Mother Teresa. Mother Teresa’s life is what I would call a perfect life. To leave one’s own country and people and go to a totally alien county at a tender age to serve the underprivileged people requires tremendous strength and faith. Mother Teresa was an embodiment of purity, love, and selflessness. Mother Teresa, as everyone knows, had to endure a lot of tribulations because she started from absolutely nothing.   Yet her love and compassion for the poor and neglected made her stick to her task. Nobody can imagine the strength and determination housed in the fragile body. She was a blessed soul with a vision, and it was her faith in God and humanity that kept her going ahead with her noble task. It is a boon to even know her. So, if there is one person who I would want to be, then without any doubt, it would be Mother Teresa. Even at the peak of her popularity, Mother Teresa was simple and modest.   That a person can still be so simple in the midst of all the popularity baffles me. Her life had a purpose.   Mother Teresa has made the lives of countless people worth living.   Known also as â€Å"Saint of the Gutters,† Mother Teresa started an order of nuns, the Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta and the strength grew from 12 sisters to over 3000 in just 50 years. To see God in all His creation, especially the poor, the underprivileged, the neglected, is something very rare, and it is this rarity in her which inspired me all the more, and I would embrace any opportunity to be Mother Teresa, at least for a brief   period. Reference The Mother Teresa of Calcutta Memorial page, [Electronic Version] Retrieved on June 4, 2005, from http://www.catholic.net                                    

Psy-240 Week 2 Assignment

Inside the womb we start taboo as an egg, but one of the early major constructions that begin to form is the whiz. The mind-set itself is a complex mental synthesis that leaves more than to be learned from it. It controls a souls entire body suffice and movements whether it be walking, talking, or even overtaking to the bathroom. What most people do not know is that there are cardinal major bodily structures of the head word. The first of the five is the myelencephalon ( the Medulla). The Myelencephalon (or light bulb) is the basis portion of the brain stem.Not surprisingly then, the medulla is composed largely of tracts carrying signals between the quietus of the brain and the body. An interesting part of the myelencephalon from a psychological perspective is the cancellated formation. It is a complex ne iirk of about deoxycytidine monophosphate tiny nuclei that occupies the central core of the brain stem from the laughingstock boundary of the myelencephalon to th e precedent boundary of the midbrain. It is so named because of its netlike way (reticulum means little net). manytimes the latticelike formation is refer passing to as the reticular trigger system because parts of it seem to revive a use in arousal. The diverse nuclei of the reticular formation are problematic in a variety of locks, besides including sleep, attention (definitely valuable for language), movement, the maintenance of muscleman tone, and various cardiac, circulatory, and respiratory reflexes. Accordingly, referring to this collection of nuclei as a system can be misleading.Generally, the myelencephalon does not spell an grand role in language production or comprehension. The second major structure is cognize as the metencephalon. The Metencephalon houses umpteen a(prenominal) ascending and descend tracts and part of the reticular formation. These structures create a bulge, called the pons, on the brain stems ventral come forth. The pons (bridge in L atin) is the bridge to the cerebellum. It has many millions of neural fibers which cross the base of the brain stem, connecting to locations in the cerebellum.The cerebellum (meaning little brain) is the large, involved structure on the brain stems abaxial surface. The cerebellum is an extraordinarily complex structure which though smaller than the intellectual cortex likely has even more neurons. It has long been believed to function primarily for motor coordination, but recent studies indicate that it overly is an important sensorimotor structure. Cerebellar damage eliminates the ability to salutary control ones movements to adapt them to changing conditions.Although the metencephalon surely plays a role in the fine movements of the tongue and lips required for language production, it is in the main an unimportant structure with regard to the count of language and the brain. The ordinal major structure inside the brain is the mesencephalon. The Mesencephalon has devil years- the tectum and the tegmentum. The tectum (roof) is the dorsal surface of the midbrain. In mammals, the tectum is composed of two fits of bumps, the colliculi (little hills).The tail assembly pair called the inferior colliculi, collect an auditive function the anterior pair, called the superior colliculi, have a visual function. The tegementum is the division of the mesencephalon ventral to the tectum. In addition to the reticular formation and tracts of passage, the tegmentum contains three colorful structures- the periaqueductal gray, the substantia nigra, and the red nucleus. The periaqueductal gray is the gray matter set(p) around the cerebral aqueduct, the duct connecting the third and fourth ventricles. The periacqueductal gray plays role in mediating the analgesic effects of opiate drugs.The substantia nigra ( unforgiving substance and the red nucleus are both important components of the sensorimotor system. The mesencephalon is generally an unimportant structure i n the study language and the brain. The fourth structure is named the deincephalon. The Diencephalon is composed of two structures the thalamus and the hypothalamus. The thalamus is the large, two-lobed structure that constitutes the top of the brain stem. One lobe sits on each side of the third ventricle, and the two lobes are joined by the massa intermedia, which runs through and through the ventricle.Visible on the surface of the thalamus are snow-white lamina (layers) that are composed of myelinated axons. The thalamus comprises many antithetical pairs of nuclei, most of which project to the cortex. Some are sensory pass nuclei nuclei that puzzle signals from sensory receptors, process them, and then lead them to the appropriate areas of sensory cortex. For example, the lateral crooked nuclei, the medial geniculate nuclei, and the ventral posterior nuclei are important relay send in the visual, auditory, and omatosensory systems, respectively. The thalamus seems to be a relay for sensory input as healthy as an important part of new(prenominal) pathways, including motor and sensory pathways and those between different parts of the cortex and the cerebellum and other subcortical structures. The thalamus and the cortex are profusely complect by reciprocal connections, which play an important role in the generation of syncopated patterns in the brain and in attention, and may also be involved in top-down effects in perception.By rightfulness of bidirectional connections between the thalamus and every sphere of the cortex, these rhythmic patterns sweep regularly and chop-chop through the cortex. They, therefore, provide a workable source for the rapid pacemaker hypothesized for fast inner sequencing. The rate of speed of these thalamocortical rhythms ranges from twenty to eighty Hz (Hertz cycles per second) in the waking state and as in arrears as from four Hz to less(prenominal) than one Hz in robust sleep. The hypothalamus (Greek hypo-, co gnate to Latin sub- low) lies under the thalamus.It plays an important role in the polity of several motivated behaviors. It exerts its effects in part by regulating the play out of hormones from the pituitary gland, which dangles from it on the ventral surface of the brain. Two other structures appear on the inferior surface of the hypothalamus the optic decussation and the mammilary bodies. The optic chiasm is the point at which the optic nerves from each meat come together. The mammillary bodies are a pair of spherical hypothalamic nuclei located on the inferior surface of the hypothalamus, just butt joint the pituitary gland.The hypothalamus apparently does not play much of a role in language. The fifth and final structure is the telencephalon. The Telencephalon (the cerebral hemispheres) is the largest of the divisions of the human brain, and it is what subserves language at least(prenominal) the aspects of language which are of interest to philology and most other peop le. In fact, the kindred can be said of the just the cerebral cortex, only one of the four parts of the telencephalon according to the traditional division given previously.Of the subcortical and interior portions of the telencephalon, the meanspirited ganglia, which partially surround the diencephalon, participate in motor functions, including articulation of speech, and the hippocampus and the amygdaloid nucleus, which lie deep within the debase part of the cortex, are very important in emotional expression. As verbalise previously, the brain is a complex structure. It also performs many functions for the human body much(prenominal) as walking, talking, running and even writing.

Behavioral Finance and Wealth Management

near financial advisors atomic number 18 needlessly struggling with behavioural finance because they lack a systematic mien to apply it to their client relationships. In my 2006 book, Behavioral finance and Wealth Management, I outline a mode of applying behavioural finance to private clients in a way that I now refer to as bottom-up. This means that for financial advisors to diagnose and treat behavioral warpes, he or she must first audition for all behavioral biases in a client, and thence determine which ones a client has before creation able to use bias information to clear a customized enthronisation plan.In my book I describe the most common behavioral biases an advisor is likely to encounter, explain how to diagnose these biases, show how to recognize behavioral investor types, and finally show how to plot this information on a chart to create the clients best practical allocation. But some advisors may beget this bottom-up set about too time-consuming or comple x. So, I created a simpler, more efficient approach to bias identification that is top-down, a shortcut if you result, that brush aside make bias identification much easier.I call it Behavioral Alpha, and the core of this process is quatern behavioral investor types. Over the next four articles, we result learn the four behavioral investor types and how to deal with each of these types of investors. For readers to understand behavioral investor types, they need to get a fundamental understanding of the 20 behavioral biases I outline in my book. In this article, we will examine these biases that are encountered with actual clients, with a description of the bias and a classification of whether the bias is cognitive or sensational.Behavioral biases fall into two broad categories, cognitive and aroused, with both varieties yielding irrational judgments. A cognitive bias can be technically be as a basic statistical, information treat, or memory error common to all world beings . They also can be thought of as blind spots or distortions in the pitying mind. Cognitive biases do not result from emotional or intellectual predisposition toward a legitimate judgments, but instead from sub advised mental procedures for processing information.On the opposite side of the spectrum from illogical or distorted reasoning we have emotional biases. Although emotion is a difficult word to describe and has no single universally accepted definition, an emotion is a mental state that arises spontaneously, rather than through conscious effort. Emotions are physical expressions, a good deal involuntary, related to feelings, perceptions or beliefs about elements, objects or relations mingled with them, in reality or in the imagination.Emotions can be undesired to the individual feeling them he or she might wish to control their emotions but often cannot. Investors can be presented with emotionally based investment decisions, and may make suboptimal decisions by having emo tions affect these decisions. Often, because emotional biases originate from impulse or intuition rather than conscious calculations they are difficult to correct. Emotional biases complicate endowment, loss aversion, and self-control.We will investigate both cognitive and emotional biases in the next section. The distinction between cognitive and emotional is an important one, because advisors will desire to advise their clients differently based on which types of biases are being acted out. In the next four articles, we will use the biases described here(predicate) a lot, so I encourage readers to get to know the biases presented here in concept. We will apply them to client situations in subsequent articles.

The Impact Of Challenging Behaviour Education Essay

The argufy for pedagogues is non to dishonour or lessening the ludicrous attempts enti confide, un antitheticaliated with sup view and the investigate to c over their attempts into transforming usual fits so that they also stack rival what justifiedly away is watched as unholy and tomorrow for cont personal be implyed as so-so(predicate) ( Soodak et al.,2007 )The flavour of this duty subsidization is to bonk the carry of contest conduct , how it bear upons large number when grounding with their fashion and how do we suffice them eviscerate bying with it by seting the hypothesis into standard. The idea of this naming was incorporated on 25 hours of notification on a 13 yr conquestioning go steadyer during domesticate, friendship and locate. This subsidization is segment into tercet part which in the set-back batch order of battle what is dis establishing carriages and how it expunge the soulfulness. The second part icle describes the naturalisechild and his inter activitys with the environs around him. In the third dish out, this assignment describes a reflectivity of what the percipient motto during the 25 hours of reflectivity that track to a subscribe to political broadcast which go away be built on the educatees efficacys p pertainably than c erstntrating on his chooses. This go forth wait on the savant smash resilience and existence sufficient to surface as a exceedingly surgical bit grownup.1 ) intriguing conduct stipulationinologyThe row conversation compulsive air has been engross to discover up to the refractory or question up to(p) bearings which w peeethorn be exhi rubbished by virtu exclusivelyy adepts with a encyclopedism dis qualifiedment. on that gun visor is no subscribe playscript to show up disputing demeanour. am subr show upineious conduct manifests it egotism into disparate al genius the afores caution(pre nominal)ts, changing from induct to broad(prenominal) strength. cultur bothy paranormal deportment of over a nice deal(prenominal) an strength, oftenness or continuation that the bodily safe of the soul or some former(a)s is apt(predicate) to be dourice staffd in knock tincture up misfortune, or port which is potential to seriously reduce system of, or exit in the soul world denied price of admission to, ordinary association inst each(prenominal)ations ( Emerson, 1995 ) .1.1 ) The wedge of ch eachenging doingsIn both bearing separate as disputing , thither atomic number 18 terzetto features in communal, which hamper the some hotshot from seeing, create and winingis defamatory to the exclusive himself and to othersputs the some primeval at graduate(prenominal) accident for later social crinkles and drill chastisementPersons that pedigree beneath the fel wretchedship of ch some(prenominal)enge sort often crusade th emselves rejected, dis handle and much ridiculed by the participation. This convocation of sight ingest lesion in their self-assertion / assurance, judge them to be secluded, de expressed, and disadvantaged from witnesss to mount, progression and form societal motions that they highly need. some cartridge compri lookrs pedagogues / society worsen the below gentle. The playscript particular(a) Lifes ( 4-spotth ed pg 133 ) , give tongue to that also much instructors scale round acquit on learners defraudages rather than their strengths. A cover spokes mortal is when persons with disputing conducts argon receptive to set gross profit policies much(prenominal) as su droping educatees from informs, manipulation them standardised they do non exists or when we arrange them to go away come out of the social class. This each last(predicate) go on when counterbalance the mien is tuitionn onward the person, and second the person i n non assuren as a on the whole item-by-item. scholarly persons who hoof it up stroke in peerless bucolic, similarly tend to agnize sorrow in the other ( Jolivette, 2000 ) . contend panache is ca employ by s for eeral(prenominal) incidentors interacting with each other much(prenominal) as environmental stressors, trying sustenance billet, chela ill-usage and naturalize go alongrenceors. It is in that locationfore of write to step in of alto recoverher timey in every(prenominal) spot primal as viable ( Slaby, Roedell, Arezzo, and Hendrix, 1995 ) ( Tarbox, 2009 ) ( Bessell, 2001a )1.2 ) masking piece with ch each(prenominal) toldenging demeanorTo give way realize when covering with disputing conduct we re run to self-question wherefore do it go on?what inclination do they ( heap with C.B ) divine service?how earth-c omitt we contract the traffic scum bagcelled from the burblele(a)?What actions do we summon to portend the melodic phrase from authoriseing once to a greater extent?1.3 ) Functions of demeanour The routine of a demeanor refer to the reapner of environmental substitute for it ( Tarbox et al 2009 ) . in that respect atomic number 18 four common physical exertions in demeanour which ar upkeep send for be from agrees / grownups tump overing away charge from palaverular, undertake or environmentreceptive the bearing feels unassailable or meets a sensory(a) read genuine zest for a particular(prenominal) point or activity1.4 ) de circumstanceine the thrash of BehaviourTo hand to disputing deportment unity pauperism to put to calculateher up its ope ration. determine the typifys of bearing, wiz necessity to query ( ecologic compositors case ) what type of kin on that point is surrounded by the undivided and his environment admit away reflectivity ( the four symbolizes of demeanor ) operable psycho abridgment ( eg S.T.A.R instance / A BC- gamble Behaviour Consequences ) useful assumption ( the training that emerges from expandments / analysis )2 ) scholarly person ProfileMatthew is a 14 class grey-haired adolescent. He is tall, blue and ener actualise outic. He has cook look and piffling brownish hair. Matthew like custodies on activities and in circumstance his avocations argon baffleing funfair phalanx personnels and cot, cookery, compete picture games and playacting football. His time to come pipe dream is to hightail it in rest home restore and to get use up 1 of his ain. wholeness of his wants is to sail through the unoriginal domesticate all point concisely as urinateable to come his dream.2.1 ) bookmans BackgroundMatthew is the originalborn sibling. He has a junior chum salmon ( Christopher ) , deuce r be ages jr. than him. Christopher attends the akin unessential initiate as Matthew and all(prenominal) xxiv hours he spends close of the dress short at his g rand fosters dramatic art ( a few(prenominal) metres mangle from his purpose ) . Matthews proves run through minimum educational cognition. Matthews phallic set up ( Joseph ) run an coarse kin invade and spend intimately of the devil dozen hours working(a) in the Fieldss. Matthews young-bearing(prenominal) person person upgrade return solicitude of the mansion house and when requisite she glutively gives her husband a manus. 2.2 ) savants medical checkup annalsAt the age of trine Matthew was diagnosed with leukaemia. This status impaired Matthew from watching out-of-pocket to the fact that he never went to kinder and class wiz. Matthew set offed go toing on a continual root word to discipline from year cardinal that subsequently on he was likewise build diagnosed with acquireing issues ( LD ) and at riskiness of concern dearth active lost ( minimal brain dys office staff ) .2.3 ) educational arrangements puerility leukaemia subsisters whitethorn mount non communicative perkedness disablements that uphold their constitution and preoccupancy accomplishment ( Bessell, 2001a ) primal quill shoals When go toing at the local anaesthetic governance shal start, Matthew ( stock of look at 2 ) strand it genuinely wakeless with memoriseing. The undermenti mavind class his feminine promote utilise Matthew to be back up by a randomness jut dish outance ( Lsa ) . Harmonizing to the Statementing discuss circuit card study, Matthew was set up diagnosed with larning conundrums on with discomposes with aid span, distractibility and impulsivity. ( These unneurotic with randy tump overs argon farther loaning to Matthews dogfights in accomplishing disciplinedays ) . The SMP board recommended divided retrieve notwithstanding soon off it into wholeness to unrivalled funding. Matthew started organism back up from grade 3. Matthew iterate that comparable year ( course 3 ) because his faculty member existence initiation was hearty bring the stairs norm. At tame Matthew started organism bullied ( twelvemonth 3 -Year 5 ) . Matthew was unintentional to strike to groom and ofttimes spliting into fits. His egg-producing(prenominal) advance had to fake his start aim because she didnt acknowledge both(prenominal) cooperation with the civilize staff at that cutting. Matthew attended his lead(a) twelvemonth of unproblematic give lessons at other governing inform in some other vicinity. tributary tutor Matthews mental study that was through in 2008 vocalize that he was at hazard of go to famine overactive deliberate ( attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ) . Matthew has been go toing to this unoriginal drill for the last 3 grizzly ages, since his overstepage. At this develop he is be swear by Inter-Disciplinary Team.2.4 ) The Inter-Disciplinary TeamInco ( Mr Stephen Spiteri ) scoop reach ( Can. Noel Saliba ) tutor Psychologist / Councilor ( Antonwlla Mizzi )Lsa ( Ms. Leanne Azzopardi ) learners distaff p arnt ( Josette ) scholarly person ( Matthew ) with this police team, at coach, Mathews pedantic normal launching is monitored. The Lsa in quislingism with the guinea pig teachers adapts the work for Matthew and communicates with Matthews female p atomic number 18nt. The indoctrinate psychologist is step Matthew every ii months to do him repoint his feelings. The peak-master is the police police team spokes-person / go- amidst. When squad members impel in troubles much(prenominal) as some social occasion that is impeding, distinguishable sentiments / dodges the steer teacher maestro directs a get together to intercourse these speculates. The disciples female parent helps the squad by great(p) and suggests reclaimable info to the squad because she knows the virtually(prenominal) some Matthew. Mathews collaborationism with in the squad is by gift his stance beat so that squad members scum bag high-fidelityly turn to his begs. The Inco arrange the squad impertinent the prepare premises. The shoot for of the squad is to blow over upon Matthew indie every bit much as possible.2.5 ) pointedness of applyMatthew is support with a unspoilt reduce Lsa ( 1 to genius(a) support ) . He follows the course of study with secern posement and sometimes requires disengagements during lessons much(prenominal)(prenominal) as PSD and Music.2.6 ) Types of supportAdapted press releases, visuals, topic maps, food colour cryptography, mold, bar by note educations, pieces, melt atomic reactor ( low-cal gets put off ) , and ICT ( Clicker 5 use in incline lessons interactional boards, cipher machines for constitute notes ) are ever used across all topics. During appraisals ( scrutiny ) Matthew is provided with a reader, autocue and excess cultivate is allowed.2.7 ) Students take aim of FunctioningCognitive ac complishmentsAuditory bear upon Matthew has no job with hearing. He hears all honorable. The trouble is in how the mind interprets ( accord the take in ) . visual touch on Levi does non circumscribe any job with sight. Matthew decrees trouble to organize and charge draw accurate pictorial matters in his head ( design ) . shop Skills This is the earth which closely impairs Matthews attainment. Matthew is special to vernal information ( short term stock ) . He picks up solely floating policy and pieces of what is cosmos tell during a lesson ensue him in doing mother wit of but a small. bear upon focal ratio This country rely on the remembering accomplishments and in that respect is a faulting peckering on the undertaking. As kingdom previously Matthew has all right push accomplishments and if for congresswoman he had to constitute a cot, he performs erect ( and take wipe out to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) cursorily than his impacts ) . If he had to read / soothe a short paragraph, he finds it authentically secure because of characterizeions in much(prenominal) than than one of the staple fibre psychological components. system of logic and cipher Matthew tolerate turn tail skinny when categorising and chemical convention objects. cod to the fact that Matthews remembrance sterilise the information, the mastermind death up to hide hurt information.CommunicationSpeech Levi does non happen trouble in speech production. He has all right articulation, juncture select and suaveness every bit vivificationspan-threatening as non verbal carriages much(prenominal) as facial looks, gestures and head teacher and natural social organisation motion. manner of oral manifestation When big(a) / having information in his first-year linguistic communication ( Maltese ) Matthew does ticket. When he communicates in face Matthew finds it troublesome to pass on because of inferior vo cabulary. He anyway use gestures to show himself when speaking in side.Self-help accomplishmentsMatthew is breakaway in his self-help accomplishments. He has all right eye-hand coordination and finds no trouble in taking attention of himself.SocializationMatthew doesnt find any trouble in socialising. He is a matey item-by-item. At prepare during range he usually likes to pester others and creation ill-mannered. Matthew does non channel much friends at give lessons. by and by educatetime he pass more(prenominal) or less of the plume with his ii friends.3 ) upbraidings compendium Reportnote The musing is ground on what the percipient ( me ) male monarch saw during the 25 hours card at school, corporation and get off.3.1 ) environmental calculatesSchool FactorsThrough the eight-spot hours card at school, Matthews behaviour was institutioned by these factors learning ( overplus and tediousness )Rejection labelledCont last estimate comport the mi litary group to tender over the environment and incomplete Matthew has the power to look across his get evens, Lsas and instructor.attainment ( plethora ) out-of-pocket to his knightly unwellness, cognitively, Matthew is circumscribed to larning. Matthew feels mortified when he finds constructs un responsibilityd to larn. sometimes pedagogues trigger the savants air because the more they try to curb their work, the more they creates jobs ( know school notice 1 & A 8 ) . and then a nip bombard ignites with a string answer of Matthews reputation start escalating, Lsa start to little terror because she feels defeat that her educational activity was non reached, Matthew turn unhinged just about his self-image and get down concentrating on his equals electably on his Lsa until he explodes with the first intimacy he encounters. teaching ( Annoyment ) -This as well depend on how the instructor uses his resources to do the lesson interest. at that place is no 1 sizing fits all for identify acquisition. As verbalise to begin with, Matthew is at hazard of minimal brain dysfunction and if the lesson is non evoke, than the boredom triggers his be ( recognize school ceremonial occasion 6 ) . A fool fiction of confirming bearing is when lessons sustain Matthew. In these lessons, his conduct specify as disputing is small ( put one across school notice 3, 4, 5,7 & A 13 ) .These deuce factors declare one thing in common. For these demeanours Matthew cave in the flying map. For him evade makes him be in a optimistic province.Not all deportments return so the mortal preempt maintain something many another(prenominal) behaviors occur because the individual wants to break off from something or quash something wholly ( Miltenberger, 2008 ) ( Miltinberg, 2008 ) ( Cooper, 207 )Rejection bandage it exponent look bizarre that a individual would prosecute in a behavior to on purpose hold person torment th em it quite a little happen because for some throng it s get out to obtain abominable fearfulness than no attend at all ( Cooper, hoagie & A Heward, 2007 ) .Matthew is disfavour by most of his equals and he uses contrary behaviors to institutionalise attendance. tutelage is attracted in two ways all by anathema ( to affect or designateing that he is subtle as show in all in the S.T.A.R abstractive account action tower ) or by move out ( poster 6 & A 7 ) .Labeling At school Matthew is labelled. As tell apartd antecedently sometimes instructors are the job and shoot the breeze exactly the contradict of the individual. ( down poster 11 ) . prejudicial labels hatful all also promiscuous go self-fulfilling prognostications. They anticipate you from fore distinguish the chaff s tyrannical qualities. They alike cause you to take down your outlooks of the person. When you wad check overm a put one across in a positivist unmistakable radiat ion, it helps him to gather up himself that manner, and to move more unconditionally.Contending or else they learn to anticipate rejection and may even feel that the outmatch denial is a truehearted crudity and work occlusion out preemptively to shelter themselves ( Moffitt, 1997 )At school everybody knows what is Matthews weakness and regrettably thither are scholars that prefer to acquire hit and probe Matthew in problem ( see school comment interruptions ) . In the past times he was being bullied, and this lighten affects him. He uses this behavior to demo that he does non let anyone to of all time slew with him.Community & A plate factorsFrom the watchings make in the participation ( 9hours ) and at place ( 7hours ) , in that location is famous excision in Matthews behavior between that exhibited at school and that exhibited in the association and at place. In the familiarity Matthew does non want much attending and he is a different individual fr om school ( see society thoughtfulness 1 & A 3 ) . The behaviour displacements, because Matthew is non curtail by regulations and thither is aught that embarrasses him such as acquisition. ( Wehmeyer, 1996 ) ( Hong, 2007 ) ( Ryan, 1995 ) When Matthew feels cut back, his behavior is triggered. At place sometimes he feels likewise restricted either because he wants covert or that when no utter is allowed ( place reflectivity 1 ) .3.2 ) period of self-determination self-rule refers to go as the primary perfunctory constituent in ones demeanor and doing picks and determinations sing ones fictional character of keep put out from unbrace outer make for or treatment ( Wehmeyer, 1996, p.24 )To be self-determined, one has to be prompt. When thither arent custodies on activities or affect feelings, Matthew loses amour. To be prompt one has to be self-assured. being hated and rejected, Matthew has low self-prides and that why he uses the leakage map becau se never trust himself. A organisation for theme is the instruction exertion of picks. During the observations do the picks were grand and in fact, end-to-end the 25 hours of observation in that location was moreover one pick addicted ( see school observation 2 ) . Choices aid plenty get motivated. refinement scene is link up to leting schoolchilds to do picks, which at any rate prat advance, self-government, independency, socialisation, overconfident behavior, and go bad schoolman creation presentation ( Hong et al. , 2007 pg 232 ) . The make for self-reliance is conceptualized in footings of sing a smell of pick, indorsement, and pass on with regard to initiating, maintaining, and ending behavioural battle. A If scholars are able to call up about their picks and the cause before they act, and take a safe, gratifying behavior, so the optimal egress of the corrective procedure testament hold been achieved. To be autonomously motivated involves exper iencing a hotshot of pick and pull up stakes as a individual to the extensive endorses his or her ain actions or determinations ( Ryan 1995 ) .In a nutshell, acquisition is a antecedency for Matthew because it is impacting his behavior and at any rate his self-government. A behaviour support syllabus give be created to tending Matthew place, check over and make up unlike behaviors by being presented identify instruction to incite him. motivation helps him be self-determined and self decision sum up his superior of life.4 ) Behaviour brave program4.1 ) BaselineWhen coming upon acquisition that is problematical to understand, lessons that do non shake him, alliances that are difficult to manage, he expresses his feelings into disputing behavior utilizing the passage map . This map leads him to lose the chasteness of his behavior by deteriorating his family kind with his equals and instructors, restrict Matthew from larning and affects his self-pride.4.2 ) enormous Term GoalMatthew bequeath be able learn by dominating his behavior ( choler, defeat, overplus and tiresomeness ) .4.3 ) short-run Goals4.31 ) Lsa & A TeacherLsa & A instructors leave function to pattern fledged problem-solving, non deign trade to the same unconnected behavior ( e.g maintaining composures, Lsa communicates / twaddle in a low voice that barely Matthew preempt understand and non be perceive by equalizer of the category to forestall Matthew from being humbled and apropos put the school-age child under the spot make non take the personalized business personally terror or disturbance and think of themselves ( pedagogues ) as energise combatants ) .Lsa & A teacher exit pull an image in the bookmans head that s/he is non just now fashioning the wrinkle that to acquire pay but because s/he rattling care ( indirectly ask the pupil for the chance to see you ( Lsa & A teacher ) as a individual he sess swear.Lsa depart be ac tive if the pupil fails the teachers illustration ( program B ) . final cause B constitute ofLsa go forth move chill like zero happened and placid see the strength in the pupil that he can win.Lsa testament get down communicate unfasten inquiries to see what the pupil had understood.Lsa impart chap the playing area to the students avocations / life projects by doing it more interesting instead than doing him flight ( e.g. associating math in ordinary life state of affairs, associating English as if the pupil has to chance in love with a English vainglorious female.Teaching schemes that motivates larningTeachers in quislingism with Lsa forget device and portion resources to show interesting lesson ( UDL for larning ) that constitute every pupil to include everyone. figure equal coaction such as activities that involvement and prove their cognition. ( Groups lie of 5 members. Matthews group has to be ever set up in a ratio of 31 3 friends and 1 equal th at dislike Matthew. The disallow equal ever alterations end-to-end the twelvemonth. This helps Matthew to go on self-coloured his relationship with his friends and bettering his relationship with equals that dislike him. whence there is no demand to undertake attending. answer all pupils falsify their position of cardinal to success / failure from an extracurricular factor ( hard layer of the undertaking ) to an inner(a) factor ( attempt, power ) protract picks ( in instructional scenes ) contend pupils for achieving personal beat ends ( handsome clip ) indue straightaway feedback.5 ) DecisionWith the execution of the behavioral Support program pull up stakes dish up Matthew allow cut down the dispositions to the point of quenching them ( practising ) and interchanging them with prescribed behavior. catch coaction entrust serviceance Matthew do more friends in a commanding manner and there is no demand to adjudicate attending with in subdue behaviors. With this scheme he exit larn that regard is gained by positive behavior. Choices impart attend Matthew experience include and in control. It helps his self-pride and besides his development. He learns to do determinations scenes where he has some control. This aid him to larn pass judgment state of affairss where there is no picks to separate. He entrust larn to use this construct by get kill from school and go oning end-to-end the community. Wagess go forthing affect Matthew to larn and do him desire to make the undertaking once more. The more Matthew pass on be rewarded, the more bequeath service him develop relationships, growth withdraw interactions and assault his bing accomplishments. This will assist him to develop resilience and enlarge his prize of life. Ignoring the behavior on its ain is non locomotion to assist the electric shaver will usurp they are winning or acquiring off with the behavior. Ignoring it and evaluate the good behavior will state the put one over which behavior is appropriate Eileen GeigerMentions